Brits are using AI to feel less lonely
AI companions are being used to reduce loneliness by fostering a sense of belonging and self-esteem, a new study by Durham University Business School has found.
The study, which was conducted alongside Cardiff University and The University of Manchester, examined why some AI companions appear to help users feel less lonely while others do not.
It found that AI companions designed to provide socio-emotional support may reduce loneliness by fostering a greater sense of belonging and strengthening one’s self-esteem.
Notably, the researches found that ‘loneliness’ depends on whether users perceive the AI companion as attentive, non-judgmental and responsive to their needs.
The study introduces a new concept called ‘synthetic mindfulness’ to describe this perception.
What the study found
Across one qualitative and four quantitative studies, the researchers analysed 1,447 participants (868 UK and 579 US) on their use of AI companions, exploring what they used it for, how the AI performed, and how the interactions were experienced.
The researchers found that synthetically mindful AI companions reduced loneliness through two key pathways;
- First, the AI strengthened users’ sense of belonging by helping them feel accepted, valued, and connected.
- Second, it enhanced self-esteem by making users feel worthy of attention and emotional investment, while fostering a positive sense of self-worth.
- Together, these psychological experiences were associated with lower levels of loneliness.
“People have long found ways to feel connected, even when direct interaction with other humans is limited, unavailable, or simply not what they are looking for at that moment. They may turn to books, television programmes, nature, and music to experience emotional connection,” said Associate Professor Varqa Shamsi Bahar, who conducted the research.
“AI companions are a source of connection and belonging which can offer focused attention, personalised and attuned responses, and a safe space to discuss issues such as separation from family, difficulties at work, or struggles in relationships. These interactions can help people feel heard, valued, and free from stigma, helping to reduce feelings of loneliness.”
AI models should include focus on wellbeing
As part of the findings, the researchers recommend that AI designers embed wellbeing-enhancing features into AI companion apps to strengthen users’ sense of belonging and self-esteem and, ultimately, reduce loneliness.
However, they warn that AI designers must remain cautious and build protections into such systems, because building relationships with AI companions may have negative consequences for users.
The study found that when users form deep attachments to their AI companions, the line between what is real and what isn’t can blur. In this instance, some users may end up preferring AI companions over human relationships, which could increase social isolation.
“Our research shows that AI companions may be particularly helpful during periods of ‘state loneliness’ triggered by specific life circumstances, such as moving to a new place or feeling not understood by those around you during times of political turmoil in your home country,” said Associate Professor Bahar.
“AI companions can help people gain clarity and perspective during difficult periods, but they should complement, not replace, meaningful human relationships. Their role should be temporary rather than becoming a long-term substitute for human connection.”
